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Application that helps predict the quantity and quality of runoff within urban areas EPA's Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) is used for single event or long-term simulations of water runoff quantity and quality in primarily urban areas–although there are also many applications that can be used for drainage systems in non-urban areas. It is used throughout the world for planning, analysis, and design related to stormwater runoff, combined and sanitary sewers, and other drainage systems. SWMM was developed to help support local, state, and national stormwater management objectives to reduce runoff through infiltration and retention, and help to reduce discharges that cause impairment of our Nation’s waterbodies. SWMM has undergone several major upgrades since it was first developed in 1971, including the addition green infrastructure practices as low impact development (LID) controls.

It is widely used to evaluate gray infrastructure stormwater control strategies, such as pipes and storm drains, and is a useful tool for creating cost effective green/gray hybrid stormwater control solutions. SWMM provides an integrated environment for editing study area input data, running hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality simulations, and viewing the results in a variety of formats. Nadodikattu movie songs downloads. These include color-coded drainage area and conveyance system maps, time series graphs and tables, profile plots, and statistical frequency analyses. Hydraulic Modeling: SWMM contains a flexible set of hydraulic modeling capabilities used to route runoff and external inflows through the drainage system network of pipes, channels, storage/treatment units and diversion structures. These include the ability to do the following: • Handle drainage networks of unlimited size.

• Use a wide variety of standard closed and open conduit shapes as well as natural channels. • Model special elements, such as storage/treatment units, flow dividers, pumps, weirs, and orifices.

• Apply external flows and water quality inputs from surface runoff, groundwater interflow, rainfall-dependent infiltration/inflow, dry weather sanitary flow, and user-defined inflows. • Utilize either kinematic wave or full dynamic wave flow routing methods.

• Model various flow regimes, such as backwater, surcharging, reverse flow, and surface ponding. Apply user-defined dynamic control rules to simulate the operation of pumps, orifice openings, and weir crest levels. • Percolation of infiltrated water into groundwater layers.

• Interflow between groundwater and the drainage system. • Nonlinear reservoir routing of overland flow. Runoff reduction via LID controls.

Accounting for Hydrologic Processes. SWMM accounts for various hydrologic processes that produce runoff from urban areas, which include the following: • Runoff reduction via green infrastructure practices. • Time-varying rainfall (precipitation) and evaporation of standing surface water. • Snow accumulation and melting. • Rainfall interception from depression storage. • Infiltration of rainfall into unsaturated soil layers.

• Percolation of infiltrated water into groundwater layers Interflow between groundwater and the drainage system. • Nonlinear reservoir routing of overland flow. Spatial variability in all of these processes is achieved by dividing a study area into a collection of smaller, homogeneous sub-catchment areas. Each of the areas contains its own fraction of pervious and impervious sub-areas. Overland flow can be routed between sub-areas, between sub-catchments, or between entry points of a drainage system. Pollutant Load Estimation: SWMM can estimate the production of pollutant loads associated with stormwater runoff. The following processes can be modeled for any number of user-defined water quality constituents: • Dry-weather pollutant buildup over different land uses.

• Pollutant wash-off from specific land uses during storm events. • Direct contribution of rainfall deposition. Reduction in dry-weather buildup due to street cleaning. • Reduction in wash-off load due to best management practices (BMPs). • Entry of dry weather sanitary flows and user-specified external inflows at any point in the drainage system. • Routing of water quality constituents through the drainage system. • Reduction in constituent concentration through treatment in storage units or by natural processes in pipes and channels.